ścieżki rozwoju naukowego, z doświadczeń wieloletniego kształcenia młodej kadry naukowej

The paper presents the importance of knowledge and describes education systems at the Ph.D. level in universities. Two systems of doctors education were described: doctor studies and assistantship. Doctor studies seems to be more effective than the traditional forms of doctor’s education. The main factors determining an efficient education process are: proper choice of candidates and the way of doctor studies accomplishment. The key role here plays: correct definition of the research problem, research goals, hypothesis and research methods.